Introduction: How much language competence do migrants need in order to integrate or become citizens? Many countries ask for a basic command, but what is a fair way to assess that level? Max de Lotbinière introduces some of the complex issues that arise from testing requirements

The debate: A simple sentence can determine rights to asylum and citizenship, says Tim McNamara

Relationships: Spouses coming to the UK face controversial new language demands, argues Max de Lotbinière

Assessment: Policymakers have a lot to do to ensure that assessment is fair for all, says Nick Saville

Language testers: Canada’s experts are seeking to share their specialist knowledge, argues Janna Fox

Country by country: Who asks what and how? Max de Lotbinière investigates

New citizen: Yasin Karakus, 30, from Turkey

New citizen: Vivian Harrithe Marquez, from Dominican Republic

New citizen: Sonu Sharma, 35, from India

New citizen: Kuldipsinh Gohil, 33, from India